The core philosophy of Buddhism centers around the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. It focuses on understanding the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation. The main principles can be summarized through the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
Four Noble Truths
- Dukkha (Suffering): Life involves suffering, dissatisfaction, and impermanence.
- Samudaya (Origin of Suffering): Suffering is caused by desire, attachment, and ignorance.
- Nirodha (Cessation of Suffering): It is possible to end suffering by eliminating desire and attachment.
- Magga (Path to the Cessation of Suffering): The path to ending suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path.
The Noble Eightfold Path
- Right Understanding (Samma Ditthi): Understanding the nature of reality and the Four Noble Truths.
- Right Intent (Samma Sankappa): Developing good attitudes and intentions, free from ill-will and cruelty.
- Right Speech (Samma Vaca): Speaking truthfully, avoiding slander, gossip, and harmful speech.
- Right Action (Samma Kammanta): Acting in ways that are ethical and avoid harm to others.
- Right Livelihood (Samma Ajiva): Pursuing a livelihood that does not harm others.
- Right Effort (Samma Vayama): Cultivating positive states of mind and abandoning negative ones.
- Right Mindfulness (Samma Sati): Developing awareness of the body, feelings, mind, and phenomena.
- Right Concentration (Samma Samadhi): Developing deep concentration and meditation practices.
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